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Tobacco mosaic virus (CMV) (Stunted disease)
Scientific name
Tobacco mosaic virus (CMV)
Common name
Stunted disease
Symptom
- Leaves have areas of light green and dark green or green and yellow
- The leaves are small, wrinkled, brittle, thick with yellow patches/bands
- Leaves are small, distorted, crescent-shaped, or wrinkled
- Black pepper plants grow stunted, drooped on the tops at all stages of development
- The black pepper plant drop leaves and fruits, after that a bare plant
- Plants rarely die but yield is reduced
Distribution
- The disease is spread mainly through planting material (infected seedlings)
- Through working tools (scissors to cut branches, knives, grafting tools carrying virus)
- Types of sucking insects (aphids, beetles, leafworms, especially 2 types of aphids Toxoptera aurantii and Aphis gossypii)
Prevention and Control
Cultivation measures
- Do not take cuttings from plants showing symptoms of the virus
- Do not use knives or scissors to prune and graft from diseased plants, then cut to healthy plants
- When the plant is seriously infected, it should be uprooted, removed from the garden and burned
Biological measures
- Inspect and destroy stinging insects that are vectors of disease
- Use biological to control insects
- Depending on the type of insects, the biological products used will be different
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